In the reading for part two: 1900-1950-As American as Public School, there were so many irregulations in the education system. These irregulations include segregations, IQ tests, lack of space and nationalism. At the beginning of the chapter children did not attend school regularly and some attended school part time which was due to the lack of space for students. During the Great Depression, children preferred going to work instead of going to school. After the increasing number of students working, schools became a place for training under progressive ideals, which made students love school more. standardized testing such as the IQ test sorted students into categories for tracking. Children had to meet some academic requirements which was considered the IQ test to get accepted to good school. IQ tests were used to determine the quality of people by ethnicity and race. This was hard for immigrants as they were hardly able read or speak English.

 

Segregation was also present during that 1900s to 1950s. Black children were not able to enroll into public school because of segregation. Immigrants and black people were fighting for proper education and equality in receiving it. Segregated schools placed students of diverse ethnicities into industrial schools. By doing this, girls were put into household curriculum and boys were put in industrial curriculum. This was unfair to the immigrants because they were never given the chance to show their talents or to be creative. Julian Nava says “it has been an enormous loss for our country” talking about the children that were lost from minority groups and how they were not given a chance to show what they have got from talents and creativity.

 

In the article Civic Education 1900-19050s, the effect of nationalism and how it played a big role in education was discussed. Ethnic and civic nationalism are central to explaining a historical change. Ethnic nationalists argued that people of a nation are bound together by common descent and by ties of blood, these ties are not to be chosen; they are inherited. Civic nationalism defines a nation in terms of people regardless of their race, color, language and ethnicity. This nationalism is called civic because it pictures the nation as a united community that is granted equal rights. In the 1930’s the American society was tempered by the great failure of civic nationalism. In part two of the reading we see a lack of civic nationalism as people with different color, race, ethnicity and language were treated differently and they were segregated from the white students. The civil rights movement against segregation expanded nationalism that caused changes in civic education which was contributed to the defeat of ethnic nationalism.

Patriarchy

Maryann Moquete

Professor Cacoilo
Activists, Interlopers, and Pranksters
September 19, 2018

Assignment


Define Patriarchy as per the bell hooks reading. Then through online or other research find an artist/art project who addresses and challenges the status quo, patriarchy, and its systemic power and dominance. Write a short description of the art project and bring it to class in addition to your quotes. You can share this project on twitter or on the blog if you wish.

Patriarchy is defined as according to Bells Hooks as a "political social system that insists that males are inherently dominating, superior to everything and everyone deemed weak, especially females, and endowed with the right to dominate and rule over the weak and to maintain that dominance through various forms of psychological terrorism and violence." or as she probably prefers to define it as "the single most life- threatening social disease assaulting the male body and spirit in our nation." Patriarchy is something that has been going on, and will most likely still be going on, for years. 

Through out my lifetime, patriarchy has played a huge role in the person that I am today. My parents have fairly traditional values that were endowed into their three children. Me, being the only girl with two brothers, was raised to always clean up after my brothers. I was never allowed to stay out past a certain time, because it was too dangerous, meanwhile my brothers where allowed to be out for as long as they please. Unlike, Bell Hooks, my parents allowed me to be competitive and play with the boys  but there were certain guidelines that i had to abide to just because i was female. 

Patriarchy doesn't only affect females. Males also suffer from this social system. With patriarchy a men is viewed as a strong symbol not capable of having any emotions towards sadness or fright. This has caused suicide levels to go up for men since they aren't capable of coping with their emotions because they were never taught how to. Also affecting how men interact with women and the relationships that the have. 

The artist that a chose to talk about is Beyonce. She is an incredible artist that stands for an independent women. One of her songs that truly screams this message is Run the World, which include lyrics such as "I'm repping for the girls, who taking over the world, have me raise a glass, for the college grads" Through her songs and performances Beyonce uses her voice and position to inspire women to be great, be independent, and be strong.  



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBmMU_iwe6U

Patriarchy

Rosabi Pena Garcia
Acts of Resistance
09/19/18
Patriarchy has been set in place since time began. History always portrayed the difference in genders not only in anatomy but also in behavior. Each sex was compromised with a list of standards that they  each must fulfill. Back then, these standards were enforced strictly through schools, homes, and society. Men were supposed to be the head of the household, violent, and unemotional. It was considered natural for men to act with rage in any situation. Men who didn't act in violence were considered weak and unmasculine. But men aren't the only ones that followed the patriarchy that rules our society, so did women. Women were expected to be housewives, passive, and emotional. They didn't want to step into any "male" role, it was unwomanly. These roles went hand in hand but defied anybody who wanted to step out of societal norms. Today, the gender roles have become more flexible and non-restricting.
Monica Hernandez is an artist in the Bronx, NY. I saw her art work through Instagram and was very inspired by her work. She reflected a lot of the female body. Hernandez painted naked women that display natural things that occur in the female body. She would draw women on their period, hairy leg and underarms, and eating. All of these things were considered taboo for women because it was considered "un-ladylike". She expressed the true female form for what it is in a patriarchal society. 

Patriarchy

          Bell Hook defines Patriarchy as "a political-social system that insists that males are inherently dominating, superior to everything and everyone deemed weak, especially females, and endowed with the right to dominate and rule over the weak and to maintain that dominance through various forms of psychological terrorism and violence." What I interpreted from this reading was that Patriarchy is a massive issue not only here in the United States, but around the globe. And until we figure out how to treat every human being as an equal, there will be little to no progression in our society. How can we change the way that people think though? It is clear that most men think is a patriarchal matter, hence the still ongoing issue. I think that it comes down to the way you were raised and your daily interactions/advertisements that you see. If you lived in a household which was male dominated, chances are your future household will have the same practices. And if we are constantly seeing ads which promote male dominance, male superiority, chances are we will think it's normal and just move along with our day.

         Patriarchy is a huge issue, especially in foreign middle eastern countries. Countries such as Pakistan do not have any non-discrimination laws when it comes to hiring women, nor does the law mandate equal pay. There has been only one female head of state, Benazir Bhutto, but she was assassinated in 2007. Another country where there is a strong tie to patriarchy is Yemen, where there has never been a female head of state and women only have partial access to financial services. In Syria, daughters do not have inheritance rights, the male gets everything, this was astonishing to me. It doesn't feel like we are progressing as a race, it's as if we're still stuck in the early 1900's when women did not even have the right to vote. Women in these countries are not given an opportunity, they are being excluded from all the important decisions that will shape their nations. "Patriarchy promotes insanity. It is at the root of the psychological ills troubling men in our nation." (Hook 30) This quote is perfect, Hook says that patriarchy is troubling the men, and as we all know there is definitely something troubling about Israel and Pakistan right now, perhaps they do need women in power to reshape their nations.





/https://nordic.businessinsider.com/the-16-worst-countries-for-gender-equality-2017-11/

bell hooks, Understanding Patriarchy (+2 quotes (or more) from the reading)

Additional response to the bell hooks reading: Define Patriarchy as per the bell hooks reading. Then through online or other research find an artist/art project who addresses and challenges the status quo, patriarchy, and its systemic power and dominance. Write a short description of the art project and bring it to class in addition to your quotes. You can share this project on twitter or on the blog if you wish.

Bell Hooks: Understanding Patriarchy

Quote: The word "patriarchy" just is not part of their everyday thought or speech. Men who have heard and know the word usually associate it with women;s liberation, with feminism, and therefore dismiss it as irrelevant to their own experiences.

Reaction: This resonated with me because I did notice and experience the double standards, pressures of conforming, and the "rules" that the paradigm of this system provided. I did not speak out nor speak about them growing up because I did not see or hear anyone else doing so. As a result, I just accepted the tenets of this system to be the norm in every society worldwide. Now that I am older, I do see many people mostly men who strongly oppose feminism because they believe feminists to be misandrists. They equate feminism to be anti-male.

In the reading of "Understanding Patriarchy", the definition of patriarchy seems to be a hierarchical one that states men are superior to women and that all males should emulate the characteristics of men: hypermasculinity, absence of emotion, towering stature, and domineering power. To show traits other than these would invite ridicule and chastisement. Even worse when a man exhibits traits deemed "feminine". Within these terms, it's safe to assume that femininity is undesirable and thus being a woman is a lower being to man. 

One artist that tackles not only feminism and sexism but also racism in her work is Betye Saar. 

https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-betye-saar-transformed-aunt-jemima-symbol-black-power

Using the caricature of black women that is Aunt Jemimah she transformed the mammy figure into a symbol of power and protest. "The Liberation of Aunt Jemima was born: an assemblage that repositions a derogatory figurine, a product of America’s deep-seated history of racism, as an armed warrior. It’s become both Saar’s most iconic piece and a symbol of black liberation and radical feminist art

—one which legendary Civil Rights activist Angela Davis would later credit with launching the black women’s movement.

Patriarchy

Juelle Jackson
9/19/2018

Define Patriarchy as per the bell hooks reading. Then through online or other research find an artist/art project who addresses and challenges the status quo, patriarchy, and its systemic power and dominance. Write a short description of the art project and bring it to class in addition to your quotes. You can share this project on twitter or on the blog if you wish.

         In Bell Hooks, "Understanding Patriarchy", Hooks defines patriarchy as a "political-social system that insists that males are inherently dominating, superior to everything and everyone deemed weak, especially females, and endowed with the right to dominate and rule over the weak and to maintain that dominance through various forms of psychological terrorism and violence."(18) Growing up, I wasn't too familiar with patriarchy, but as I got to my teen years, I learned what it was. Patriarchy has always been the way. All throughout history, patriarchy was practiced. The very thing I thought about when I heard patriarchy was "Men are strong, and women are weak." Also, it came to me that men are to be the voice and the women should submit to the man. In other words, what man says goes. One of my most familiar introductions into patriarchy is in a partnership or marriage, the women should stay home to cook, clean, and take care of the children. The man should be out working to take care of his family. In the text, Hooks describes her introduction into patriarchy as a young child. She says, "As their daughter, I was taught that it was my role to to serve, to be weak, to be free from the burden of thinking, to care take and nurture others. My brother was taught that it was his role to be served; to provide; to be strong; to think; strategize, and to plan; and to refuse to care take or nurture others." (18)
          Hooks childhood reminds me of how my household became once my mom got married and had another son. My stepfather was the breadwinner, and my mom became the stay at home mom. She was a dental assistant, but my stepfather made it clear that he wanted her to stay home with my baby brother. Patriarchy became very familiar in my house. When my brother had gotten a little older, his father would always enforce gender roles, Whenever my brother started to cry, his father would say, " why are you crying? Only girls cry? Or he'd say, " Stop acting like a chick" It was very interesting to me that he was already enforcing these gender roles to a little kid. It also made me upset that he believed that only girls cry. Only girls show feelings. It was as if he was saying that girls are weak. It is not weak to cry, yet this patriarchal way of thinking enforced this belief. I think that, although many of us don't know, we are supporting patriarchy. I do not think that it is always intentional, but when you are conditioned to a certain way of thinking, you continue to practice those ways.
            Aside from girls and women suffering from this patriarchal view, I do feel sorry for the young boys who are encouraged to not express their feelings. I believe as human beings everyone should be able to express themselves. Boys should not have to be constantly told by their fathers, uncles, brothers, and male cousins that it is weak for a boy to cry. They should not be forced to accept this way of thinking because they are told that it is just how life goes. In the text, Hook says, "To indoctrinate boys into the rules of patriarchy, we force them to feel pain and to deny their feelings." (22) I agree with Hook that forcing boys into this patriarchal view is only hurting them. However, it is hard to keep anyone from patriarchy. Patriarchy has held us captive for years and will only continue to do so.
          One celebrity who challenges patriarchy is Katy Perry. One of her songs that calls patriarchy out and goes against it is her song titled, Roar. The song talks about a women who never spoke up. She was just one of those women in the background who never used her voice. In the lyrics, you can see that patriarchy did a number on her. The lyrics say, " I used to bite my tongue and hold my breath, scared to rock the boat and make a mess, so I sat quietly, agreed politely. The song's chorus says, "I've got the eye of the tiger, a fighter, dancing through the fire, cause' I am a champion and you're gonna hear me roar." If you think about what patriarchy enforces, Katy Perry is telling patriarchy that they will hear her roar. She is no longer being quiet and she refuses to not use her voice. In the video, Katy Perry presents herself as the Queen of the Jungle. Usually, in the eyes of patriarchy, the saying is "king of the jungle"but she challenges patriarchy by going against it.
   

Patriarchy

Define Patriarchy as per the bell hooks reading. Then through online or other research find an artist/art project who addresses and challenges the status quo, patriarchy, and its systemic power and dominance. Write a short description of the art project and bring it to class in addition to your quotes. You can share this project on twitter or on the blog if you wish.

In the bell hooks reading Patriarchy is defined as a political- social system that insists that males are inherently dominating, superior to everything and everyone is seen as weak especially females. This means that in modern society today most men still hold a lot of power in which woman are excluded from. Patriarchy plays a huge part through adolescence and determines how each person is regarded through gender roles. It is seen a lot in religion because many people believe and preach that God created man to rule the world and the role of women is to help men achieve this. In christianity it is also taught that God is male. Many parents enforce their patriarchal beliefs taken from religion on their children. It is taught in many households that boys should never show weakness or express emotions. This makes them weak but its okay if a girl does these things. Many girls are also taught to be very care taking and nurturing  while boys are taught to be served and to be strong.

An artist that I found who addresses and challenges the status quo is Malala Yousafzai. Yousafzai is Pakistani schoolgirl who is advocate for girls schools. When she was just 11 years old her right for education was taken away from her. Malala Yousafzai began speaking publicly in 2012 on behalf of girls and their right to learn. This resulted in her becoming an easy target in which she was shot on the left side of her head. After several months and rehabilitation Malala left Pakistan and moved with her family to the U.K. She then later shared her story with the world. Malala is a very brave public figure for standing up for what she believes in. This is very interesting to me because I believe girls should have an opportunity to choose their future without being oppressed by men. 



Quote #1
"I tried to warn you. You need to accept that you are just a little girl and girls can't do what boys do."

This quote from the Bell Hooks reading is very cruel due to the fact the author received a beating at the age of five years old just because she wanted to play marbles a "boys game". This was astonishing to me because at the age of five one isn't aware of gender roles. The fathers beating was to prove that he was the masculine or alpha figure in the household. The author would think twice from this point on to challenge the fathers beliefs with the memory of her beating reciprocating forever in her mind.


Quote #2
"Patriarchal rules still govern most of the world's religious, school systems, and family systems."
I chose this quote because around the world many people still have strong patriarchal beliefs. However, this generation is trying to fight against those traditional norms. A woman shouldn't be looked at like any less than man. 

Patriarchy - Victims of The System

The Reality of Patriarchy

Kaleb E. Cajas

“By highlighting psychological patriarchy, we see that every one is implicated and we are free from the misperception that men are the enemy.  To end patriarchy we must challenge both its psychological and its concrete manifestations in daily life.” (The Will to Change; Bell Hooks 33)

Men are not at fault for the way patriarchy plagues our subconscious minds. We were born into it, given no choice but to grow up as products of our social ideologies. Everyday that goes by it infests our schools, our children and our selves. It’s almost inescapable. The only way to truly stop the “imperialist white-supremacist capitalist patriarchy” is to work together and not put blame on any one group of people.  Feminists often view males as the oppressors, the ones who bask in the joy of stripping the power from the powerless. Unable to fathom a world where women and men can be seen as equals, born without any predetermined path. This is simply untrue. Women have played just as big a part in this predicament, supporting the idea that they too have a role to play.  Even my own mother, a feminist herself, can be heard telling my sister “that’s not the way nice girls behave” or even telling me at times to “Man up”.  I was always very empathetic, very in touch with my emotions and whenever I would show these, my father would always tell me to keep a mask on, not to let people in my head. He’d always tell me to keep calm, cool, and collect, essentially telling me to hide my emotions, that sadness shouldn’t be acknowledged, but instead dismissed, alongside any other soft feelings.  Whenever we’d play sports he’d get mad if I wasn’t aggressive, yelling at me “Get angry! Focus!” sports never really interested me.  It’s funny though, how before reading this article I never really realized how even my own parents are part of the problem. It’s not their fault though, they grew up the same way most of us did, raised by parents who didn’t know any better, victims of the system.  

“To indoctrinate boys into the rules of patriarchy, we force them to feel pain and to deny their feelings.” (The Will to Change; Bell Hooks 22)

This may not be true in all households, but the problem is this; when a boy who was not taught to deny his feelings encounters a boy who was, he’ll be made fun of or looked at with disapproving glares, powerful enough to change the ideas placed inside the kind-hearted boys head.  This is where society plays a huge role in keeping patriarchy alive. Despite the empathy and morality that was instilled by his parents, the boy still may conform in order to be accepted by his peers. There’s an example that Bell Hooks writes about, where a man she met in his 20’s never wanted to be like his father, and sympathized with his mother who was abused by his alcoholic father figure.  Yet, as time went by he began to change, becoming the man he never wanted to be, all because he craved acceptance.

“You got your guns up on display

             But you can’t control how I feel, no way

             Because freedom is free

             And you can’t take that away from nobody”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68ufG3G59H4

Chicano Batman are a Latino music group from L.A who can’t help but be political in this age of trump. This song of reminds me of anti-patriarchy beliefs.

Patriarchy

Patriarchy has been around and practiced without many people noticing it too much. Bell Hooks describes in her up growing how her household was very much pro-patriarchy. Also she defines patriarchy as a "Political social system that insists that males are inherently dominating ,superior to everything, and everyone deemed weak, especially females, and endowed with the right to dominate and rule over the weak and to maintain that dominance through various forms of psychological terrorism and violence"(Hooks pg.18). In other words, patriarchy is subconscious perspective has impacted generations of men and women. Hooks claims that domestic and child abuse are a side effect or this idealism that a man must have full control over any person or situation. "Most children do not learn what to call this system of institutionalized gender roles, so rarely do we name it in everyday speech. This silence promotes denial. And how can we organize to challenge and change a system that can not be named?".( Hooks pg.25). 

Patriarchy is to blame for these inequalities and injustice ways of thinking but why did our ancestors follow these social rules? It is like what Hooks mentioned in the readings, "the power of patriarchal culture is to hold us captive,". This type of social classification has held women captive from opportunities for many generations. This is a battle that has been going on for years between men and women rights. The bases of the arguments are that women can do anything a man can and deserve the same respect and opportunities in life. However, Hooks says that this notion causes psychological damage to men as well as women. These teaching Hooks claims a majority comes from religious beliefs. Hooks states that a major key to this idealism comes from different belief systems and the church. 

The person I chose Eve Ensler to talk about. Eve Ensler was a teenager in the 60s, and has put that era of resistance under a microscope throughout her decades of art and activism. The New York Times called her groundbreaking episodic play The Vagina Monologues. Eve knows the crucial role that visual symbols and evocative words such as Rosie the Riveter, I Am a Man and Pink Pussy Hats have played in amplifying the call of liberation of women, African Americans, and the LGBT community.

Citations:

https://i-d.vice.com/en_us/article/wjdewn/artists-rise-up-against-the-patriarchy-and-rape-culture-at-revolutionarylove